What you need to know about led backlit lcd
summary
The backlight of tft screen is a very important part. The CCFL backlight used at the beginning has been eliminated, and the backlight used now is almost all led backlit. What are their advantages and disadvantages? Please read the following article.
2.disadvantages of CCFL backlit
4.how to control led backlit color coordinates
4.1. Common chroma ranges for white
4.2. white area in the color coordinate system
5.how to measure led backlit color coordinates
6.what are the advantages of led-backlit lcd
6.1. led-backlit lcd has high luminous efficiency and energy saving
6.2. led backlit lcd is more environmentally friendly
6.3. led backlit lcd long life
6.4. the led-backlit lcd is a solid-state light source, small in size and light in weight
6.5. led backlit lcd fast response time
6.6. Brightness and color accuracy of led backlit LCD monitors are easily adjusted
6.7. relatively low drive voltage and current for led-backlit
6.8. led backlit lcd accurate and continuous brightness adjustment
6.9. led-backlit lcd better color gamut
Led-backlit lcd is now the most widely used tft display, whether it is a smart watch, smart phone, monitor and TV. This also shows that led backlit has great advantages, so what is led backlit, and what is the difference between it and CCFL?
what is CCFL?
CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) technology is a backlight technology for LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens. Before the maturity of led backlit technology, tft screens used CCFL backlights.
The structure of CCFL backlit
The structure of CCFL lamps
CCFL lamps
The principle of CCFL is that the light-emitting principle of cold cathode fluorescent lamps is the same as that of general fluorescent lamps. Mercury and rare gases are contained inside the fluorescent tube. Generally, the gas enclosed in the high-efficiency cold cathode fluorescent tube is mainly a mixed gas of Ne+Ar (95%+5%). When the lamp tube applies voltage to both ends of the electrode, electrons are released at the tip of the electrode, and the released electrons collide with the mercury inside, and the excited mercury atoms are in an unstable state and then quickly return to a stable state, the remaining energy is released in the form of ultraviolet rays (main wavelengths are 253.7nm and 185nm). Phosphor powder absorbs ultraviolet rays of this wavelength and converts the energy of ultraviolet rays into visible light to cause luminescence.
Disadvantages of CCFL backlit
The uniformity and thickness of the fluorescent powder on the inner wall of the lamp tube will affect the uniformity of light emission, so the color consistency of CCFL is poor, and with the use of CCFL lamp tubes, the color changes and the brightness will decrease, and the power consumption will increase.
what is led backlit?
The structure of the Led backlit is similar to the backlight structure using CCFL, but because the LED backlit uses LED lamp beads, which are point light sources one by one, an additional layer of diffuser is needed to make the light uniform.
led-backlight display is a backlight technology that uses LED lamp beads as a light source. LED is a PN junction that releases photons through the recombination of holes in the P region and electrons in the N region. It is the direct conversion of electrical energy to light energy, so LED is also called It is a cold light source, so the LED has high luminous efficiency. The white light LED currently used is actually realized by the way that the blue light LED excites the phosphor. Ordinary LED lamp beads use silicate phosphor powder, which absorbs light of a specific wavelength, resulting in a narrow LED spectrum. The effect of LED beads using YAG phosphor will be much better. 85% NTSC, and even 105% NTSC tft displays use led backlit made of this kind of LED lamp beads.
5.5-inch led-backlit
How to control led backlit color coordinates?
It is also difficult to control and control the waves of light produced by LED lamp beads in a consistent manner. In addition, the uniformity of phosphor powder is different, so the color coordinates of LED lamp beads vary greatly among individuals. During the production process of LED lamp beads, voltage and color sorting will be carried out.
The led beads will screen out several kinds of led lamp beads, which are called LED lamp beads of different color blocks. Usually led backlit lcd will use two kinds of color blocks of lamp beads, which can mix the required white. Use the combination of lamp beads of different color blocks to adjust the white to blue, white to yellow and other effects.
led beads
The white LED lamp bead is the white light emitted by the blue LED light-emitting chip to excite the yellow phosphor, and different colors and different spectrums of light can be obtained by using different phosphors. The uniformity of mixing and the thickness of the phosphor will affect the color.
The relationship between led current and brightness
There is a positive correlation between brightness and current. When the current increases, the brightness will also increase, but there is a current limit. As long as the current exceeds the maximum forward current, it will be damaged. The led-backlit uses a patch type LED lamp, and the general current is selected at 2-30mA. Now there is a design that integrates two LED chips into one LED lamp. This is to increase the brightness of the LED backlit, but the same current will also increase exponentially.
Common chroma ranges for white
| Color coordinates | cold white area | warm white area | ||||||
| x | 0.260 | 0.291 | 0.315 | 0.280 | 0.300 | 0.319 | 0.330 | 0.330 |
| y | 0.270 | 0.315 | 0.310 | 0.260 | 0.325 | 0.305 | 0.318 | 0.360 |
The colors in this area are all white but look different.
In the color coordinate system, we can find that the white area is actually larger than the area we set.
How to measure led backlit color coordinates
The white color coordinates recognized in the industry are (X=0.31, y=0.32), but it should be noted that although there are sophisticated equipment that can accurately test the excellent coordinates, such as Konica Minolta’s CA-310/CA-410 , or Topcon’s BM-7, etc., although the values tested by the instrument are the same, the resolution of the human eye far exceeds that of the equipment, so when you have a new project, you need to see the product in person to confirm the display effect and color.
What are the advantages of Led-backlit lcd?
1. Led-backlit lcd has high luminous efficiency and energy saving:
the power consumption of led backlit is 10%-20% of incandescent lamp with the same brightness, and 1/2 of fluorescent lamp.
2. led backlit lcd is more environmentally friendly:
led backlit is a cold light source, not easy to break, and there is no electromagnetic interference when working. And mercury-free lamps have metal.
3. led backlit lcd long life:
the life of led backlit can reach 100,000 hours, and the light decay is small, and the stability is high.
4. The led-backlit lcd is a solid-state light source, small in size and light in weight:
led backlit uses LED lamp beads, the size of a single unit is 3~5mm, and the direction of light emission can be set, making the light more concentrated and efficient.
5. led backlit lcd fast response time:
led backlit has a very fast response speed and operates in harsh environments.
6. Brightness and color accuracy of led backlit LCD monitors are easily adjusted:
led backlit lcd can easily achieve a brightness of 350~420cd/㎡ and can achieve a brightness of 1000~3000 cd/㎡ by increasing the number of LED lamp beads and can adjust the color coordinates and the displayed color.
7. relatively low drive voltage and current for led-backlit
Each LED lamp bead requires a driving voltage of 3V~3.2V and a driving current of 20mA~30mA. Even if many lamp beads are connected in series, the voltage is safe.
8. led backlit lcd accurate and continuous brightness adjustment:
led backlit lcd can achieve DC continuous dimming, no flicker in the dimming process, and high accuracy.
9. led-backlit lcd better color gamut:
The color gamut can be improved by replacing the phosphor used in the led backlit lcd. The color gamut displayed by the led backlit lcd is the result of the superposition of the led backlit and lcd display. When using YAG phosphor, the spectral range of light emitted by LED lamp beads will become wider, thereby obtaining a higher color gamut.
10. Led backlit lcd has greater potential:
Among the new technologies of led backlit, the mini-led technology is available to everyone. By changing the traditional side-entry led backlit to tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands led direct led backlit to obtain performance comparable to OLED. Due to the problem of yield rate, this technology is not popular enough, but with the improvement of technology, I believe that led backlit lcd will become better and better in the future.
The development of led backlit
LED-backlit LCD displays are one of the most common display technologies today, and their future potential remains high. Mini led and thinner, more efficient and low energy consumption are the two main directions:
- mini-led: Although the performance of OLED displays is excellent, it is unavoidable that its high cost and relatively low service life limit the further development of OLED. The lcd display has been developed for nearly 20 years. Every lcd screen has a large production capacity, and the price of lcd display is moderate. If the yield rate of mini-led can be improved, then with the ultra-high contrast and high refresh rate of mini-led, It is sure to be well developed in the fields of monitors, car displays and TVs.
- The power consumption of the current led backlit is still very high. If you have read Harmony Optoelectronics’ article on LCD display power consumption
you will find that the main power consumption of the led backlit lcd comes from the led backlit, and the power consumption of the lcd screen is only 0.1~0.3mW.
If it is a sunlight readable display, the power consumption of the led baklit will reach several watts! If the power consumption and size of the led backlit can be better, it will undoubtedly be a great boon for devices that need battery power.
China’s lcd screen manufacturer has never stopped the research and development of led backlit. Harmony Optoelectronics is an expert in this field. We have done a lot of research on sunlight readable display, high color gamut, and ultra-low power consumption LCD display. If you are looking for this products, please contact us, our professional team will quickly give design plans and samples!
